Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of joint pain and reduced mobility in older adults. Although there is no cure, effective treatments can relieve symptoms, improve physical function, and help maintain independence and quality of life.
This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace personalized advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
What is the best treatment for osteoarthritis?
The most effective treatment usually combines lifestyle changes, exercise, medications, and, in some cases, surgery. The best approach depends on the severity of symptoms, the joints involved, and how much the condition affects daily activities.
Non-drug treatments are the foundation of care
For most people, treatment begins with non-pharmacological strategies, which are recommended for nearly everyone with osteoarthritis.
These include:
- regular physical activity;
- strength training;
- physical therapy;
- weight loss for people who are overweight or obese;
- braces or splints when appropriate;
- canes or other assistive devices if needed.
Even modest weight loss can significantly reduce pain in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips.
Is exercise important?
Yes.
Regular exercise is considered one of the most effective treatments for osteoarthritis. It can help:
- reduce joint pain;
- improve muscle strength;
- increase flexibility and mobility;
- enhance balance;
- lower the risk of falls;
- maintain independence.
The best exercise programs usually combine strength training, walking or other aerobic activities, flexibility exercises, and low-impact activities such as cycling or swimming.
When are medications needed?
If lifestyle measures alone do not provide sufficient relief, medications may help control pain.
Common treatment options include:
- topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for hand or knee osteoarthritis;
- oral NSAIDs when appropriate;
- corticosteroid joint injections in selected cases.
Because medications can cause side effects, especially in older adults, they should be used under medical supervision and for the shortest duration necessary.
Do supplements work?
Dietary supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin have shown inconsistent results in clinical studies. While some people report symptom relief, current evidence does not support consistent benefits for most patients.
Other therapies, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), acupuncture, and many nutritional supplements, also have limited or inconclusive scientific evidence.
When is surgery recommended?
Surgery is usually reserved for people with severe osteoarthritis when:
- pain remains severe despite treatment;
- daily activities become significantly limited;
- conservative treatments no longer provide adequate relief.
In advanced cases, joint replacement surgery, such as knee or hip replacement, can greatly reduce pain and improve mobility and quality of life.
Final message
The treatment of osteoarthritis involves much more than medication. Regular exercise, weight management, muscle strengthening, and physical therapy remain the cornerstones of treatment. When necessary, medications and surgery can provide additional relief, helping older adults stay active, independent, and maintain a better quality of life.
